fig2

Figure 2. (A) Schematic diagram of the Rh@Cu-0.6% nitrate reduction reaction. (B) Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of the solutions obtained after 3 min of electrocatalysis at -0.1 V vs.. RHE by Cu NWs, Rh@Cu-0.6% and Rh NPs loading on carbon cloth in 0.1 M Na₂SO₄ electrolyte with/without 0.1 M KNO₃ under argon. (C) Electrochemical in situ infrared spectroscopy (IR) of Rh@Cu-0.6% and Cu NWs with different potentials at 0.1 M Na₂SO₄ electrolyte with 0.1 M KNO₃. (D) Gibbs free energy diagram of various intermediates generated during electrocatalytic NITRR over the pure Cu NWs and Rh@Cu-0.6%, it is assumed that all Rh in Rh@Cu-0.6% exists in the form of clusters. The structural models represent the adsorption form of various intermediates on Rh@Cu-0.6% during NITRR, Cu blue, Rh light gray, N light blue, O red, and H light pink atoms. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[73], © WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 2022. (E) Wavelet transform (WT) of FePc||CNTs||NiCo/CP. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[74], © WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 2022. (F) Schematics of Pt_1.5Ni_1-x/Ni-N-C (blue, red, purple, and gray spheres present Pt, Ni, N, and C atoms, respectively) (G) the total density of states and the corresponding d-band centers of Pt_1.5Ni_1-x/Ni-N-C, Pt_1.5Ni/N-C, and Ni-N-C. The Fermi level is marked with a black dashed line. The d-band center is marked with a purple line. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[75], © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2023.