fig5

Figure 5. (A) Schematic illustration of chemical presodiation of commercial HC anode with a Naph-Na solution^[32]. (B) Schematic diagram of ultrafast presodiation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) anode in using Na-Naph dissolved in DME (top) and the open-circuit voltage and initial Coulombic efficiency of rGO anode with various presodiation times (bottom)^[80]. (C) Scheme of presodiation process with different Na sources (left: Na metal, right: Na-Naph-DME) and a suggested scalable roll-to-roll technique for industrial manufacturing^[81]. (D) Schematic illustration of chemical presodiation and the following SEI film generation process on available HC anodes^[30].