fig1

Figure 1. Schematic illustrations of (A) SC and (B) ZIB devices. (C) publication numbers of different materials, including MXenes, TMDs, carbon, polymers and TMOs (MnO₂ and RuO₂), for SCs in the period from 2011 to 2022. (D) publication numbers of different cathode materials, such as TMOs (VO_x and MnO₂), PBAs, polymers and other materials (including carbonaceous materials, TMDs and MXenes), for ZIBs in the period from 2013 to 2022. All data were obtained from the Web of Science. EDLC: electrochemical double-layer capacitance; SCs: supercapacitors; ZIBs: zinc-ion batteries.