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Figure 3. Device configuration and photovoltaic performance of PSCs. (A) Schematic structure and (B) cross-sectional SEM image of PSCs with glass/FTO/SnO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/80-nm-Au configuration. (C) Valence-band XPS spectra and (D) corresponding energy level alignment diagrams. (E) Typical J-V plots, (F) IPCE spectra and (G) box diagrams of VOC, JSC, FF and PCE distributions of 24 individual PSCs with different n values. (H) Normalized PCE retentions of different PSCs without encapsulation under continuous heating at 60 °C and simultaneous exposure to humid air with a RH of 60%.
