fig5

Figure 5. A: Structures and binding energies of different complexes by DFT calculations and the initial charge and discharge curves in different electrolytes. B: Schematic illustration of self-protection function of a Zn-I₂ battery and electrolyte resistances based on different concentrations of P2VP. C: Schematic diagram of Zn-I₂ battery configuration with hydrogel electrolytes. D: Schematic illustration of the structure of alginate-based hydrogels and Zn-I₂ battery with an alginate-based hydrogel electrolyte. E: Schematic diagram of Zn-I₂ batteries with different separators and optical images of the resistance property against triiodide of different separators. Figures reproduced with permission from Li et al.^[48], Wang et al.^[60], Soni et al.^[49], Shang et al.^[28] and Yang et al.^[29]. DFT: density functional theory.