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![Two-dimensional nanofluidics for blue energy harvesting](https://image.oaes.cc/ceb7d68b-2251-45eb-b64c-7d345c829829/4697.fig.15.jpg)
Figure 15. Structural and performance diagrams of PyPa-SO3H/SANF composite membrane. (A) SEM image of PyPa-SO3H/SANF composite membrane (scale: 200 nm). The illustration shows that the membrane has excellent flexibility (scale: 1 cm). (B) X-ray diffraction pattern of PyPa-SO3H/SANF composite membrane. (C) Ion transport in traditional 2D nanofluidic membranes. (D) Vertical transport of ions through 1D nanochannels. (E) Horizontal and vertical transport of ions in PyPa-SO3H/SANF composite membrane. (F) Variation of output power density and current of PyPa-SO3H/SANF composite membrane with applied resistance. Figures reproduced with permission from Man et al.[54] (Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society).