fig2

Figure 2. (A) Surface structure of Li metal in a 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) ether-based electrolyte and an optimized hybrid electrolyte by using hybrid N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (Py13TFSI) and ether electrolyte in rechargeable Li-metal batteries^[26]. Copyright 2016, Wiley-VCH. (B) Li₃PO₄-modified Li metal anode exhibiting a smooth and uniform surface after Li plating/stripping^[32]. Copyright 2015, Wiley-VCH. (C) Different interfacial structural characteristics of bare Li metal and Li metal coated with polymer skin^[35]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. (D) Preparation process of polished Li foil in a naphthalene solution^[44]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier. (E) AFM characterization showing the morphology of polished Li metal surfaces after plating in the electrolyte of 1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) in a mixture of dimethoxyethane/1,3-dioxolane (DME/DOL, v/v=1:1)^[45]. Copyright 2018, Nature Publishing Group.