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Figure 2. Laparoscopic segmental mapping with augmented reality with artificial intelligence. This figure shows the pipeline of our AI-assisted AR navigation system, illustrating the process from training the AI on liver images to displaying 3D models in augmented reality. (A) Liver silhouette induced by AI; (B) three-dimensional models of liver; (C and D) superimposition of 3D models in laparoscopic surgical videos. Image courtesy of Kasai et al.^[24]. AI: Artificial intelligence; AR: augmented reality.