fig1

Figure 1. Electron transport chain with K_ATP channel and actions of MitoSNO and diazoxide. The schema simplifies the activity of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, including the proposed K_ATP channel and electron transport chain. At the bottom of the figure, a photo taken by electron microscopy from the Lawton laboratory, of individual mitochondria. In the schema, diazoxide is depicted as having an inhibitory effect on Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) while activating the K_ATP channel. The cardioprotection by diazoxide may occur due to either of the mechanisms or another mechanism. MitoSNO has an inhibitory effect on Complex I, which prevents SDH accumulation, and this is thought to be the cardioprotective mechanism of MitoSNO. While each is cardioprotective via these mechanisms, these two agents have a synergistic negative effect^[126]. This figure is used with permission from Elsevier (obtained September 4, 2023, license number 5621920353581)^[126]. MitoSNO: Mitochondria-targeted S-nitrosating agent; NADH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form; NADþ: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form; ROS: reactive oxygen species; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; ADP: adenosine diphosphate; Cyt C: cytochrome C.