fig3

Figure 3. Treatment of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. In all cases, when an underlying disorder is identified, appropriate disease-specific therapy should be initiated. Plasma exchange is also recommended in cases with symptomatic hyperviscosity syndrome. CNS: Central nervous system; CYC: cyclophosphamide; DAA: direct-acting antivirals; DAH: diffuse alveolar hemorrhage; GC: glucocorticoids; GN: glomerulonephritis; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; MGUS: monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance; MGRN: monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance; RTX: rituximab.