fig9

Figure 9. Lipid-based nanoparticles are utilized to effectively deliver a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Initially, the viral spike protein’s DNA is replicated (A). Then, mRNA is synthesised by transcribing the DNA sequence (B). To encapsulate the mRNA, a multilamellar liposome incorporating cholesterol, distearoyl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC), and 1,2-Bis-(dimethylphosphino)-ethane is prepared (C). This liposome is then formulated for injectable administration (D). The vaccine is administered through intramuscular injection into the subject (E). Within the target cell, the mRNA is released from the lipid and get translated into the desired antigen (F). As a result, the antigenic protein circulates and stimulates the production of antibodies, specifically against the spike protein of the virus (G).