fig54

Figure 54. Selected video frames from apical four chamber views of six different babies with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, demonstrating varying degrees of left ventricular (LV) hypoplasia, starting from slit-like LV in (A) (arrow), and progressively larger LVs in (B-F). All of them require Norwood palliation. Other features shown are a small left atrium (LA), large right atrium (RA), and large right ventricle (RV). Reproduced from Ref.^[36].