fig60

Figure 60. Echo-Doppler studies in parasternal short-axis views demonstrating the results of Gianturco coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). (a) is a study performed prior to occlusion of PDA, which clearly shows the ductus (D) with left-to-right shunt. Subsequent to occlusion (b, c), the coil (C) is seen as an echo-bright structure in the angle between right (rpa) and left (lpa) pulmonary arteries (expected site of ductal ampulla). Color Doppler imaging (c) shows no evidence for residual ductus. Also note laminar (blue) flow in both rpa and lpa indicating lack of evidence of lpa obstruction. Similar study of the descending aorta (not shown) did not reveal descending aortic obstruction. mpa, main pulmonary artery. Reproduced from Ref.^[39].