fig40

Figure 40. (A) Two-dimensional echocardiogram in a precordial long-axis view illustrating a ventricular septal defect (VSD) (arrow). The VSD is located just below the aortic valve in the upper most part of the inter-ventricular septum. (B) Echocardiogram in apical four-chamber view presents a muscular VSD (arrow). Definitive difference in site of VSD between the right and left panels is noted. The left atrium (LA), left ventricle (LV), right atrium (RA), and right ventricle (RV) are marked. Modified from Ref.^[3].