fig39

Figure 39. Two-dimensional (A) and color Doppler (B, C and D) images from subcostal short-axis views of the atrial septum demonstrating a patent foramen ovale (PFO) (arrow in A) with a left-to-right shunt (thin arrows in B, C and D). Note the overlapping of the septum primum over the septum secundum in (A), suggesting that this atrial defect is a PFO. Descending aorta (DAo), left atrium (LA), right atrium (RA), and superior vena cava (SVC) are marked. Reproduced from Ref.^[16].