fig26

Figure 26. Two-dimensional echocardiograms of atrial septal defects (ASDs) in three different patients to illustrate deficient atrial septal margins. In (A) both the inferior and superior rims are small, in (B) the inferior margin is deficient, and in (C) the superior margin is tiny; the rims are shown with arrowheads. These ASDs are considered unsuitable for transcatheter occlusion because the rims of the atrial septum are inadequate for the device to achieve a good grasp on the atrial septum. Left atrium (LA), left ventricle (LV), right atrium (RA), and right ventricle (RV) are marked. Reproduced from Ref.^[27].