fig21

Figure 21. (A) M-mode echocardiogram of a child who was diagnosed to have an atrial septal defect (ASD). It shows dilatation of the right ventricle (RV) and paradoxical movement of the ventricular septum in the 2D-derived M-mode recording in parasternal short-axis view (see lower insert). The findings are very typical indirect signs of an ASD. (A-C) Stand for measurements of the RV in end-diastole, left ventricle (LV) in end-diastole, and LV in end-systole, in that order. The dimensions are listed in the top left insert. (B) Two-dimensional echocardiographic study of the same child shown in (A) evidently shows the ASD (arrow). The left atrium (LA) and right atrium (RA) are labeled. Reproduced from Ref.^[24].