fig12

Figure 12. Echo-Doppler studies in parasternal short-axis views demonstrating features of mild pulmonary stenosis in a neonate. (A) Note somewhat domed pulmonary valve (PV) (arrow). (B) Flow acceleration at the PV level (arrow) is shown by color Doppler. (C) Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) Doppler flow velocity was normal at 1.1 m/s. (D) Mild increase in the Doppler flow velocity (2.4 m/s) was seen in the main pulmonary artery (MPA) indicting a peak instantaneous gradient of 24 mmHg; this indicates trivial pulmonary stenosis. At times, the Doppler information may result in underestimating the peak gradient; this is related to elevated pulmonary artery pressures (normal) in the newborn. Reproduced from Ref.^[16].