fig7

Figure 7. Two-dimensional echo and color Doppler video frames are presented to demonstrate turbulent flow patterns. (A) Turbulent blood flow (arrow) commences at the level of the aortic valve (arrow - TF) because of aortic stenosis while (B) the turbulence begins at the ductus (TF) shown by arrow. Aorta (Ao), descending aorta (DAo), left ventricle (LV), and main pulmonary artery (MPA) are labeled. Reproduced from Ref.^[19].