fig17

Figure 17. Echo frames from parasternal short-axis 2D (top inserts) and Doppler (bottom sections) study illustrating pulmonary insufficiency jets (PIJs). The magnitude of PIJ is used for the calculation of diastolic pressure in the pulmonary artery. The recorded end-diastolic velocity of 1.6 m/s in (A) by modified Bernoulli equation is calculated to be low, indicating low pressures while an end-diastolic velocity of 3.3 m/s in (B) indicates increased pulmonary artery pressure. Reproduced from Ref.^[19].