fig5

Figure 5. Initiation of left heart bypass with return and drainage cannulation sites, placement of aortic clamps (including a bulldog clamp across the left subclavian artery, if disease necessitates a more proximal aortic clamp site), and opening of the proximal portion of the descending thoracic aorta. In repairs involving chronic aortic dissection, the dividing septum is removed (inset). The figure is used with the permission of Baylor College of Medicine.