fig1

Figure 1. Current management and grey areas in cardiac amyloidosis. Courtesy of Professor Rossana Bussani, MD, Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Histology, University of Trieste, Italy. AL: Light chain amyloidosis; ACE-i/ARBs: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers; AF: atrial fibrillation; AV: atrio-ventricular; AVR: aortic valve replacement; BBs: beta blockers; CA: cardiac amyloidosis, CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy; DCCV: direct current cardioversion; hATTR: hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis; HF: heart failure; ICD: implantable cardioverter defibrillator; LAA: left atrial appendage; LF-LG: low-flow low-gradient; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MRAs: mineral receptor antagonists; PM: pacemaker; RV: right ventricle; SCD: sudden cardiac death; SR: sinus rhythm; TAVI: transcatheter aortic valve implantation; TOE: transesophageal echocardiography; VAs: ventricular arrhythmias.