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![The interplay of oxidative stress and ARMS2-HTRA1 genetic risk in neovascular AMD](https://image.oaes.cc/3563e72a-3014-470f-b0d0-7d852b89a855/3875.fig.4.jpg)
Figure 4. Retinal impact of wet AMD risk factors. (A) Depicts age-related lipofuscin accumulation and drusen formation; (B) the ARMS2-HTRA1 locus is a prominent genetic risk factor for AMD, resulting in excess HTRA1 expression and heightened degradation of RPE extracellular matrix and Bruch’s Membrane; (C) oxidative stress due to mitochondrial superoxide release and bloodborne cigarette smoke extracts alter transcriptional pathways that increase oxidative load in the retina. AMD: age-related macular degeneration; RPE: retinal pigment epithelium