REFERENCES
1. Herrington W, Lacey B, Sherliker P, Armitage J, Lewington S. Epidemiology of atherosclerosis and the potential to reduce the global burden of atherothrombotic disease. Circ Res 2016;118:535-46.
2. Tuttolomondo A, Di Raimondo D, Pecoraro R, Arnao V, Pinto A, et al. Atherosclerosis as an inflammatory disease. Curr Pharm Des 2012;18:4266-88.
3. Bentzon JF, Otsuka F, Virmani R, Falk E. Mechanisms of plaque formation and rupture. Circ Res 2014;114:1852-66.
4. Jian X, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Zhao L, Wang D, et al. The role of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of atherosclerosis through the regulation of macrophage activity. Biomed Pharmacother 2019;118:109375.
5. Malekmohammad K, Sewell RDE, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Antioxidants and atherosclerosis: mechanistic aspects. Biomolecules 2019;9:301.
6. Singh S. Herbal approach for management of atherosclerosis: a review. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2019;21:12.
7. Wang C, Niimi M, Watanabe T, Wang Y, Liang J, et al. Treatment of atherosclerosis by traditional Chinese medicine: questions and quandaries. Atherosclerosis 2018;277:136-44.
8. Gholipour S, Sewell RDE, Lorigooini Z, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Medicinal plants and atherosclerosis: a review on molecular aspects. Curr Pharm Des 2018;24:3123-31.
9. Sedighi M, Bahmani M, Asgary S, Beyranvand F, Rafieian-Kopaei M. A review of plant-based compounds and medicinal plants effective on atherosclerosis. J Res Med Sci 2017;22:30.
10. Takahashi Y, Watanabe R, Sato Y, Ozawa N, Kojima M, et al. Novel phytopeptide osmotin mimics preventive effects of adiponectin on vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Metabolism 2018;83:128-38.
11. Liu J, Sui H, Zhao J, Wang Y. Osmotin protects H9c2 cells from stimulated ischemia-reperfusion injury through AdipoR1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Front Physiol 2017;8:611.
12. Singh NK, Bracker CA, Hasegawa PM, Handa AK, Buckel S, et al. Characterization of osmotin: a thaumatin-like protein associated with osmotic adaptation in plant cells. Plant Physiol 1987;85:529-36.
13. Anil Kumar S, Hima Kumari P, Shravan Kumar G, Mohanalatha C, Kavi Kishor PB. Osmotin: a plant sentinel and a possible agonist of mammalian adiponectin. Front Plant Sci 2015;6:163.
14. Viktorova J, Krasny L, Kamlar M, Novakova M, Mackova M, et al. Osmotin, a pathogenesis-related protein. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2012;13:672-81.
15. Liu D, Narasimhan ML, Xu Y, Raghothama KG, Hasegawa PM, et al. Fine structure and function of the osmotin gene promoter. Plant Mol Biol 1995;29:1015-26.
16. Viktorova J, Rehorova K, Musilova L, Suman J, Lovecka P, et al. New findings in potential applications of tobacco osmotin. Protein Expr Purif 2017;129:84-93.
17. Yun DJ, Ibeas JI, Lee H, Coca MA, Narasimhan ML, et al. Osmotin, a plant antifungal protein, subverts signal transduction to enhance fungal cell susceptibility. Mol Cell 1998;1:807-17.
18. Narasimhan ML, Coca MA, Jin J, Yamauchi T, Ito Y, et al. Osmotin is a homolog of mammalian adiponectin and controls apoptosis in yeast through a homolog of mammalian adiponectin receptor. Mol Cell 2005;17:171-80.
19. Ohashi K, Ouchi N, Matsuzawa Y. Anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties of adiponectin. Biochimie 2012;94:2137-42.
20. Sargolzaei J, Chamani E, Kazemi T, Fallah S, Soori H. The role of adiponectin and adipolin as anti-inflammatory adipokines in the formation of macrophage foam cells and their association with cardiovascular diseases. Clin Biochem 2018;54:1-10.
21. Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T. Physiological and pathophysiological roles of adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in the integrated regulation of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008;32:S13-8.
22. Miele M, Costantini S, Colonna G. Structural and functional similarities between osmotin from Nicotiana tabacum seeds and human adiponectin. PLoS One 2011;6:e16690.
23. Aouida M, Kim K, Shaikh AR, Pardo JM, Eppinger J, et al. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae assay system to investigate ligand/AdipoR1 interactions that lead to cellular signaling. PLoS One 2013;8:e65454.
24. Badshah H, Ali T, Kim MO. Osmotin attenuates LPS-induced neuroinflammation and memory impairments via the TLR4/NFκB signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2016;6:24493.
25. Naseer MI, Ullah I, Narasimhan ML, Lee HY, Bressan RA, et al. Neuroprotective effect of osmotin against ethanol-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain. Cell Death Dis 2014;5:e1150.
26. de Winther MPJ, Kanters E, Kraal G, Hofker MH. Nuclear factor kappaB signaling in atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005;25:904-14.
27. Muslin AJ. MAPK signaling in cardiovascular health and disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Clin Sci (Lond) 2008;115:203-18.
28. Motoshima H, Goldstein BJ, Igata M, Araki E. AMPK and cell proliferation-AMPK as a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and cancer. J Physiol 2006;574:63-71.
30. Esfahani M, Shabab N, Saidijam M. AdipoRon may be benefit for atherosclerosis prevention. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2017;20:107-9.
31. Trivedi VR, Chorawala MR, Shah GB. Antiatherosclerotic activity of osmotin, an adiponectin agonist in atherogenic diet induced hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia in Wistar rats. Adv Res Pharmaceuticals Biol 2012;2:196-207.
32. Trivedi VR, Chorawala MR, Shah GB. Osmotin: a new adiponectin agonist, in type-II diabetes and obesity. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2012;16:70-4.
33. Jo MG, Kim MW, Jo MH, Bin Abid N, Kim MO. Adiponectin homolog osmotin, a potential ant-obesity compound, suppresses abdominal fat accumulation in C57BL/6 mice on high-fat diet and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019;43:2422-33.
34. Zhao W, Wu C, Li S, Chen X. Adiponectin protects palmitic acid induced endothelial inflammation and insulin resistance via regulating ROS/IKK pathways. Cytokine 2016;88:167-76.
35. Ouchi N, Kihara S, Arita Y, Maeda K, Kuriyama H, et al. Novel modulator for endothelial adhesion molecules: adipocyte-derived plasma protein adiponectin. Circulation 1999;100:2473-6.
36. Lu Y, Gao X, Wang R, Sun J, Guo B, et al. Adiponectin inhibits proliferation of vascular endothelial cells induced by Ox-LDL by promoting dephosphorylation of Caveolin-1 and depolymerization of eNOS and up-regulating release of NO. Int Immunopharmacol 2019;73:424-34.
37. Ohashi K, Parker JL, Ouchi N, Higuchi A, Vita JA, et al. Adiponectin promotes macrophage polarization towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. J Biol Chem 2010;285:6153-60.
38. Wulster-Radcliffe MC, Ajuwon KM, Wang J, Christian JA, Spurlock ME. Adiponectin differentially regulates cytokines in porcine macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004;316:924-9.
39. Ouchi N, Kihara S, Arita Y, Nishida M, Matsuyama A, et al. Adipocyte-derived plasma protein, adiponectin, suppresses lipid accumulation and class A scavenger receptor expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Circulation 2001;103:1057-63.
40. Furukawa K, Hori M, Ouchi N, Kihara S, Funahashi T, et al. Adiponectin down-regulates acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 in cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004;317:831-6.
41. Tsubakio-Yamamoto K, Matsuura F, Koseki M, Oku H, Sandoval JC, et al. Adiponectin prevents atherosclerosis by increasing cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008;375:390-4.
42. Motobayashi Y, Izawa-Ishizawa Y, Ishizawa K, Orino S, Yamaguchi K, et al. Adiponectin inhibits insulin-like growth factor-1-induced cell migration by the suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation, but not Akt in vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertens Res 2009;32:188-93.
43. Chen X, Yuan Y, Wang Q, Xie F, Xia D, et al. Post-translational modulation of adiponectin affects lipid accumulation, proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017;43:172-81.
44. Wang YT, Chen J, Li X, Umetani M, Chen Y, et al. Contribution of transcription factor EB to adipoRon-induced inhibition of arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019;317:C1034-47.
45. Lu Y, Ma Y, Wang R, Sun J, Guo B, et al. Adiponectin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell calcification induced by beta-glycerophosphate through JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. J Biosci 2019;44:86.
46. Kim HW, Belin de Chantemèle EJ, Weintraub NL. Perivascular adipocytes in vascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019;39:2220-7.
47. Ahmadieh S, Kim HW, Weintraub NL. Potential role of perivascular adipose tissue in modulating atherosclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020;134:3-13.
48. Pandey GK, Vadivel S, Ranghavan S, Mohan V, Balasubramanyam M, et al. High molecular weight adiponectin reduces glucolipotoxicity-induced inflammation and improves lipid metabolisim and insulin sensitivity via APPL1-AMPK-GLUT4 regulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Atherosclerosis 2019;288:67-75.
49. Park M, Youn B, Zheng XL, Wu D, Xu A, et al. Globular adiponectin, acting via AdipoR1/APPL1. Protects H9c2 cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis. PLoS One 2011;6:e19143.
50. Zhang Y, Zhao J, Li R, Lau WB, Yuan YX, et al. AdipoRon, the first orally active adiponectin receptor activator, attenuates postischemic myocardial apoptosis through both AMPK-mediated and AMPK-independent signaling. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015;309:E275-82.
51. Okamoto Y, Kihara S, Ouchi N, Nishida M, Arita Y, et al. Adiponectin reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation 2002;106:2767-70.
52. Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Waki H, Imai Y, Shimozawa N, et al. Globular adiponectin protected ob/ob mice from diabetes and ApoE-deficient mice from atherosclerosis. J Biol Chem 2003;278:2461-8.
53. Sun L, Yang X, Li Q, Zeng P, Liu Y, et al. Activation of adiponectin receptor regulates proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 expression and inhibits lesions in ApoE-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017;37:1290-300.
54. Ahmad A, Ali T, Kim MW, Khan A, Jo MH, et al. Adiponectin homolog novel osmotin protects obesity/diabetes-induced NAFLD by upregulating AdipoRs/PPARα signaling in ob/ob and db/db transgenic mouse models. Metabolism 2019;90:31-43.
55. Kashyap H, Gupta S, Bist R. Impact of active antihyperglycemic components as herbal therapy for preventive health care management of diabetes. Curr Mol Med 2019;19:12-9.
56. Ridker PM, Everett BM, Thuren T, MacFadyen JG, Chang WH, et al. Antiinflammatory therapy with Canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease. N Engl J Med 2017;377:1110-31.
57. Badshah H, Ali T, Kim MO. Osmotin attenuates LPS-induced neuroinflammation and memory impairments via the TLR4/NFκB signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2016;6:24493.
58. Arsenescu V, Narasimhan ML, Halide T, Bressan RA, Barisione C, et al. Adiponectin and plant-derived mammalian adiponectin homolog exert a protective effect in murine colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2011;56:2818-32.
59. Jian M, Kwan JS, Bunting M, Ng RC, Chan KH. Adiponectin suppresses amyloid-β oligomer (AβO)-induced inflammatory response of microglia via AdipoR1-AMPK-NF-κB signaling pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2019;16:110.
60. Zhao Q, Liu Y, Tan L, Yan L, Zuo X. Adiponectin administration alleviates DSS-induced colonic inflammation in Caco-2 cells and mice. Inflamm Res 2018;67:663-70.
61. Wanleenuwat P, Iwanowski O, Kozubski W. Alzheimer’s dementia: pathogenesis and impact of cardiovascular risk factors on cognitive decline. Postgrad Med 2019;131:415-22.
62. Lather R, Sapronova A, Kotelevtsev Y. Atherosclerosis and Alzheimer-diseases with a common cause? Inflammation, oxysterols, vasculature. BMC Geriatr 2014;14:36.
63. Fiolaki A, Tsamis KI, Milionis HJ, Kyritsis AP, Kosmidou M, et al. Atherosclerosis, biomarkers of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Neurosci 2014;124:1-11.
64. Xiang J. Carotid atherosclerosis promotes the progression of Alzheimer’s disease: a three-year prospective study. Exp Ther Med 2017;14:1321-6.
65. Abid NB, Yoon G, Kim MO. Molecular cloning and expression of osmotin in a Baculovirus-insect system: purified osmotic mitigates amyloid-beta deposition in neural cells. Sci Rep 2017;7:8147.
66. Ali T, Yoon GH, Shah SA, Lee HY, Kim MO. Osmotin attenuates amyloid beta-induced memory impairment, tau phosphorylation and neurodegeneration in the mouse hippocampus. Sci Rep 2015;5:11708.
67. Shah SA, Yoon GH, Chung SS, Abid MN, Kim TH, et al. Novel osmotin inhibits SREBP2 via the AdipoR1/AMPK/SIRT1 pathway to improve Alzheimer’s disease neuropathological deficits. Mol Psychiatry 2017;22:407-16.
68. Yoon G, Shah SA, Ali T, Kim MO. The adiponectin homolog osmotin enhances neurite outgrowth and synaptic complexity via AdipoR1/NgR1 signaling in Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Neurobiol 2018;55:6673-86.
69. Amin FU, Hoshiar AK, Do TD, Noh Y, Shah SA, et al. Osmotin-loaded magnetic nanoparticles with electromagnetic guidance for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Nanoscale 2017;9:10619-32.
70. Chan KH, Lam KS, Cheng OY, Kwan JS, Ho PW, et al. Adiponectin is protective against oxidative stress induced cytoxicity in amyloid-beta neurotoxicity. PLos One 2012;7:e52354.
71. Song J, Choi SM, Whitcomb DJ, Kim BC. Adiponectin controls the apoptosis and the expression of tight junction proteins in brain endothelial cells through AdipoR1 under beta amyloid toxicity. Cell Death Dis 2017;8:e3102.
72. Ng RC, Chan KH. Potential neuroprotective effects of adiponectin in Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017;18:592.
73. Weisz F, Piccinin S, Mango D, Nqomba RT, Mercuri NB, et al. The role of adiponectin receptors in the regulation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Synapse 2017;71:e21964.
74. Sima P, Vannucci L, Vetvicka V. Immunity in cancer and atherosclerosis. Ann Transl Med 2019;7:204.
75. Raposeiras Roubin S, Cordero A. The two-way relationship between cancer atherosclerosis. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2019;72:487-94.
76. Jiang J, Fan Y, Zhang W, Shen Y, Liu T, et al. Adiponectin suppresses human pancreatic cancer growth through attenuating the β-catenin signaling pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2019;15:253-64.
77. Nigro E, Stiuso P, Matera MG, Monaco ML, Caraglia M, et al. The anti-prolifeartive effects of adiponectin on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and oxidative stress involvement. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2019;55:25-30.
78. Ramzan AA, Bitler BG, Hicks D, Barner K, Qamar L, et al. Adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon induces apoptotic cell death and suppresses proliferation in human ovarian cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2019;461:37-46.
79. Freitas CDT, Nishi BC, do Nascimento CTM, Silva MZR, Bezerra EHS, et al. Characterization of three osmotin-like proteins from plumeria rubra and prospection for adiponectin peptidomimetics. Protein Pept Lett 2020. Epub ahead of print. doi: 10.2174/0929866527666200129154357