REFERENCES
2. Cribier A, Eltchaninoff H, Bash A, Borenstein N, Tron C, Bauer F, Derumeaux G, Anselme F, Laborde F, Leon MB. Percutaneous transcatheter implantation of an aortic valve prosthesis for calcific aortic stenosis: first human case description. Circulation 2002;106:3006-8.
3. Baumgartner H, Falk V, Bax JJ, De Bonis M, Hamm C, Holm PJ, Iung B, Lancellotti P, Lansac E, Rodriguez Muñoz D, Rosenhek R, Sjögren J, Tornos Mas P, Vahanian A, Walther T, Wendler O, Windecker S, Zamorano JL; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2017 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J 2017;38:2739-91.
4. Duncan A, Ludman P, Banya W, Cunningham D, Marlee D, Davies S, Mullen M, Kovac J, Spyt T, Moat N. Long-term outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis: the UK. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2015;8:645-53.
5. Gilard M, Eltchaninoff H, Iung B, Donzeau-Gouge P, Chevreul K, Fajadet J, Leprince P, Leguerrier A, Lievre M, Prat A, Teiger E, Lefevre T, Himbert D, Tchetche D, Carrié D, Albat B, Cribier A, Rioufol G, Sudre A, Blanchard D, Collet F, Dos Santos P, Meneveau N, Tirouvanziam A, Caussin C, Guyon P, Boschat J, Le Breton H, Collart F, Houel R, Delpine S, Souteyrand G, Favereau X, Ohlmann P, Doisy V, Grollier G, Gommeaux A, Claudel JP, Bourlon F, Bertrand B, Van Belle E, Laskar M; FRANCE 2 Investigators. Registry of transcatheter aortic-valve implantation in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1705-15.
6. Walther T, Hamm CW, Schuler G, Berkowitsch A, Kötting J, Mangner N, Mudra H, Beckmann A, Cremer J, Welz A, Lange R, Kuck KH, Mohr FW, Möllmann H; GARY Executive Board. Perioperative results and complications in 15,964 transcatheter aortic valve replacements: prospective data from the GARY registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:2173-80.
7. Popma JJ, Adams DH, Reardon MJ, Yakubov SJ, Kleiman NS, Heimansohn D, Hermiller J Jr, Hughes GC, Harrison JK, Coselli J, Diez J, Kafi A, Schreiber T, Gleason TG, Conte J, Buchbinder M, Deeb GM, Carabello B, Serruys PW, Chenoweth S, Oh JK; CoreValve United States Clinical Investigators. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement using a self-expanding bioprosthesis in patients with severe aortic stenosis at extreme risk for surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:1972-81.
8. Smith CR, Leon MB, Mack MJ, Miller DC, Moses JW, Svensson LG, Tuzcu EM, Webb JG, Fontana GP, Makkar RR, Williams M, Dewey T, Kapadia S, Babaliaros V, Thourani VH, Corso P, Pichard AD, Bavaria JE, Herrmann HC, Akin JJ, Anderson WN, Wang D, Pocock SJ; PARTNER Trial Investigators. Transcatheter versus surgical aortic-valve replacement in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2011;364:2187-98.
9. Adams DH, Popma JJ, Reardon MJ, Yakubov SJ, Coselli JS, Deeb GM, Gleason TG, Buchbinder M, Hermiller J Jr, Kleiman NS, Chetcuti S, Heiser J, Merhi W, Zorn G, Tadros P, Robinson N, Petrossian G, Hughes GC, Harrison JK, Conte J, Maini B, Mumtaz M, Chenoweth S, Oh JK; U.S. CoreValve Clinical Investigators. Transcatheter aortic-valve replacement with a self-expanding prosthesis. N Engl J Med 2014;370:1790-8.
10. Otto C, Kumbhani DJ, Alexander KP, Calhoon JH, Desai MY, Kaul S, Lee JC, Ruiz CE, Vassileva CM. 2017 ACC expert consensus decision pathway for transcatheter aortic valve replacement in the management of adults with aortic stenosis: a report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;69:1313-46.
11. Kirtane AJ, Leon MB. The Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve (PARTNER) trial: clinical trials. Circulation 2012;125:3229-32.
12. Florath I, Albert A, Boening A, Ennker IC, Ennker J. Aortic valve replacement in octogenarians: identification of high-risk patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010;37:1304-10.
13. Dewey TM, Brown D, Ryan WH, Her- bert MA, Prince SL, Mack MJ. Reliability of risk algorithms in predicting early and late operative outcomes in high-risk patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008;135:180-7.
14. Vahanian A, Alfieri OR, Al-Attar N, Antunes MJ, Bax J, Cormier B, Cribier A, De Jaegere P, Fournial G, Kappetein AP, Kovac J, Ludgate S, Maisano F, Moat N, Mohr FW, Nataf P, Pierard L, Pomar JL, Schofer J, Tornos P, Tuzcu M, van Hout B, von Segesser LK, Walther T. Transcatheter valve implantation for patients with aortic stenosis: a position statement from the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), in collaboration with the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008;34:1-8.
15. Roques F, Nashef SA, Michel P, EuroSCORE study group. Risk factors for early mortality after valve surgery in Europe in the 1990s: lessons from the EuroSCORE pilot program. J Heart Valve Dis 2001;10:572-7; discussion 577-8.
16. Ferguson TB Jr, Dziuban SW Jr, Edwards FH, Eiken MC, Shroyer AL, Pairolero PC, Anderson RP, Grover FL. The STS National Database: current changes and challenges for the new millennium Committee to Establish a National Database in Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Ann Thoracic Surg 2000;69:680-91.
17. Green P, Woglom AE, Genereux P, Daneault B, Paradis JM, Schnell S, Hawkey M, Maurer MS, Kirtane AJ, Kodali S, Moses JW, Leon MB, Smith CR, Williams M. The impact of frailty status on survival after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in older adults with severe aortic stenosis: a single-center experience. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2012;5:974-81.
18. Anand A, Harley C, Visvanathan A, Shah ASV, Cowell J, MacLullich A, Shenkin S, Mills NL. The relationship between preoperative frailty and outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes 2017;3:123-32.
19. Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP 3rd, Guyton RA, O'Gara PT, Ruiz CE, Skubas NJ, Sorajja P, Sundt TM 3rd, Thomas JD; ACC/AHA Task Force Members ACC. 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary; a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2014;129:e650.
20. Leon MB, Smith CR, Mack M, Miller DC, Moses JW, Svensson LG, Tuzcu EM, Webb JG, Fontana GP, Makkar RR, Brown DL, Block PC, Guyton RA, Pichard AD, Bavaria JE, Herrmann HC, Douglas PS, Petersen JL, Akin JJ, Anderson WN, Wang D, Pocock S; PARTNER Trial Investigators. Transcatheter aortic-valve implantation for aortic stenosis in patients who cannot undergo surgery. N Engl J Med 2010;363:1597-607.
21. Shroyer AL, Coombs LP, Peterson ED, Eiken MC, DeLong ER, Chen A, Ferguson TB Jr, Grover FL, Edwards FH; Surgeons Society of Thoracic. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons: 30-day operative mortality and morbidity risk models. Ann Thorac Surg 2003;75:30.
22. Mack MJ, Leon MB, Smith CR, Miller DC, Moses JW, Tuzcu EM, Webb JG, Douglas PS, Anderson WN, Blackstone EH, Kodali SK, Makkar RR, Fontana GP, Kapadia S, Bavaria J, Hahn RT, Thourani VH, Babaliaros V, Pichard A, Herrmann HC, Brown DL, Williams M, Akin J, Davidson MJ, Svensson LG; PARTNER 1 trial investigators. 5-year outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement or surgical aortic valve replacement for high surgical risk patients with aortic stenosis (PARTNER 1): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2015;385:2477-84.
23. Kapadia SR, Leon MB, Makkar RR, Tuzcu EM, Svensson LG, Kodali S, Webb JG, Mack MJ, Douglas PS, Thourani VH, Babaliaros VC, Herrmann HC, Szeto WY, Pichard AD, Williams MR, Fontana GP, Miller DC, Anderson WN, Akin JJ, Davidson MJ, Smith CR; PARTNER trial investigators. 5-year outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement compared with standard treatment for patients with inoperable aortic stenosis (PARTNER 1): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2015;385:2485-91.
24. Thomas M, Schymik G, Walther T, Himbert D, Lefèvre T, Treede H, Eggebrecht H, Rubino P, Michev I, Lange R, Anderson WN, Wendler O. Thirty-day results of the SAPIEN aortic Bioprosthesis European Outcome (SOURCE) Registry: A European registry of transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the Edwards SAPIEN valve. Circulation 2010;122:62-9.
25. Moat NE, Ludman P, de Belder MA, Bridgewater B, Cunningham AD, Young CP, Thomas M, Kovac J, Spyt T, MacCarthy PA, Wendler O, Hildick-Smith D, Davies SW, Trivedi U, Blackman DJ, Levy RD, Brecker SJ, Baumbach A, Daniel T, Gray H, Mullen MJ. Long-term outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis: the UK. aortic valve implantation (United Kingdom Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:2130-8.
26. Brown DL. Expanding indications for TAVR: The preferred procedure in intermediate-risk patients? Cleve Clinic J Med 2017;84:e10-4.
27. Stähli BE, Tasnady H, Lüscher TF, Gebhard C, Mikulicic F, Erhart L, Bühler I, Landmesser U, Altwegg L, Wischnewsky MB, Grünenfelder J, Falk V, Corti R, Maier W. Early and late mortality in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation: comparison of the Novel EuroSCORE II with Established Risk Scores. Cardiology 2013;126:15-23.
28. Leon MB, Smith CR, Mack MJ, Makkar RR, Svensson LG, Kodali SK, Thourani VH, Tuzcu EM, Craig Miller D, Herrmann HC, Doshi D, Cohen DJ, Pichard AD, Kapadia S, Dewey T, Babaliaros V, Szeto WY, Williams MR, Kereiakes D, Zajarias A, Greason KL, Whisenant BK, Hodson RW, Moses JW, Trento A, Brown DL, Fearon WF, Pibarot P, Hahn RT, Jaber WA, Anderson WN, Alu MC, Webb JG; PARTNER 2 Investigators. Transcatheter or surgical aortic-valve replacement in intermediate-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2016;374:1609-20.
29. Reardon MJ, Van Mieghem NM, Popma JJ, Kleiman NS, Søndergaard L, Mumtaz M, Adams DH, Deeb GM, Maini B, Gada H, Chetcuti S, Gleason T, Heiser J, Lange R, Merhi W, Oh JK, Olsen PS, Piazza N, Williams M, Windecker S, Yakubov SJ, Grube E, Makkar R, Lee JS, Conte J, Vang E, Nguyen H, Chang Y, Mugglin AS, Serruys PW, Kappetein AP; SURTAVI Investigators. Surgical or transcatheter aortic-valve replacement in intermediate-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2017;376:1321-31.
30. Thyregod HG, Steinbrüchel DA, Ihlemann N, Nissen H, Kjeldsen BJ, Petursson P, Chang Y, Franzen OW, Engstrøm T, Clemmensen P, Hansen PB, Andersen LW, Olsen PS, Søndergaard L. Transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis: 1-year results from the All-Comers NOTION Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:2184-94.
31. Thyregod HG. Five-year outcomes from the All-Comers Nordic Aortic Valve Intervention Randomized Clinical Trial in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis. ACC Annual Congress; 2018.
32. Wenaweser P, Stortecky S, Schwander S, Heg D, Huber C, Pilgrim T, Gloekler S, O'Sullivan CJ, Meier B, Juni P, Carrel T, Windecker S. Clinical outcomes of patients with estimated low or intermediate surgical risk undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Eur Heart J 2013;34:1894-905.
33. Tamburino C, Barbanti M, D'Errigo P, Ranucci M, Onorati P, Covello RD, Santini F, Rosato S, Santoro G, Fusco D, Grossi C, Seccareccia F; OBSERVANT Research Group. 1-year outcomes after transfemoral transcatheter or surgical aortic valve replacement: results from the Italian OBSERVANT Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;66:804-12.
34. Tarantini G, Nai Fovino L, Gers BJ. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in lower-risk patients: what is the perspective? Eur Heart J 2018;39:1-12.
35. Thourani VH, Forcillo J, Szeto WY, Kodali SK, Blackstone EH, Lowry AM, Semple M, Rajeswaran J, Makkar RR, Williams MR, Bavaria JE, Herrmann HC, Maniar HS, Babaliaros VC, Smith CR, Trento A, Corso PJ, Pichard AD, Craig Miller D, Svensson LG, Kapadia S, Ailawadi G, Suri RM, Greason KL, Hahn RT, Jaber WA, Alu MC, Leon MB, Mack MJ; PARTNER Trial Investigators. Outcomes in 937 intermediate-risk patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement in PARTNER-2A. Ann Thorac Surg 2018;105:1322-9.
36. Garcia S, Kelly R, Mbai M, Gurevich S, Oestreich B, Yannopoulos D, Adabag S. Outcomes of intermediate-risk patients treated with transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System: a single center 20-year experience. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2018; doi: 10.1002/ccd.27478.
37. Tarantini G, Gasparetto V, Napodano M, Fraccaro C, Gerosa G, Isabella G. Valvular leak after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a clinician update on epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical implications. Am J Cardiovasc Dis 2011;1:312-20.
38. Bauer T, Linke A, Sievert H, Kahlert P, Hambrecht R, Nickenig G, Hauptmann KE, Sack S, Gerckens U, Schneider S, Zeymer U, Zahn R. Comparison of the effectiveness of transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with stenotic bicuspid versus tricuspid aortic valves (from the German TAVI Registry). Am J Cardiol 2014;113:518-21.
39. Phan K, Wong S, Phan S, Ha H, Qian P, Yan TD. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (aortic valve implantation) in patients with bicuspid aortic valve stenosis--systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Lung Circ 2015;24:649-59.
40. Sannino A, Cedars A, Stoler RC, Szerlip M, Mack MJ, Grayburn PA. Comparison of efficacy and safety of transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with bicuspid versus tricuspid aortic valves. Am J Cardiol 2017;120:1601-6.
41. Praz F, Windecker S, Huber C, Carrel T, Wenaweser P. Expanding indications of transcatheter heart valve interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 2015;8:1777-96.
42. Yoon SH, Schmidt T, Bleiziffer S, Schofer N, Fiorina C, Munoz-Garcia AJ, Yzeiraj E, Amat-Santos IJ, Tchetche D, Jung C, Fujita B, Mangieri A, Deutsch MA, Ubben T, Deuschl F, Kuwata S, De Biase C, Williams T, Dhoble A, Kim WK, Ferrari E, Barbanti M, Vollema EM, Miceli A, Giannini C, Attizzani GF, Kong WKF, Gutierrez-Ibanes E, Jimenez Diaz VA, Wijeysundera HC, Kaneko H, Chakravarty T, Makar M, Sievert H, Hengstenberg C, Prendergast BD, Vincent F, Abdel-Wahab M, Nombela-Franco L, Silaschi M, Tarantini G, Butter C, Ensminger SM, Hildick-Smith D, Petronio AS, Yin WH, De Marco F, Testa L, Van Mieghem NM, Whisenant BK, Kuck KH, Colombo A, Kar S, Moris C, Delgado V, Maisano F, Nietlispach F, Mack MJ, Schofer J, Schaefer U, Bax JJ, Frerker C, Latib A, Makkar RR. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in pure native aortic valve regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;70:2752-63.
43. Franzone A, Piccolo R, Siontis GC, Lanz J, Stortecky S, Praz F, Roost E, Vollenbroich R, Windecker S, Pilgrim T. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement for the treatment of pure native aortic valve regurgitation: a systematic review. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016;9:2308-17.
44. Sawaya FJ, Deutsch MA, Seiffert M, Yoon SH, Codner P, Wickramarachchi U, Latib A, Petronio AS, Rodés-Cabau J, Taramasso M, Spaziano M, Bosmans J, Biasco L, Mylotte D, Savontaus M, Gheeraert P, Chan J, Jørgensen TH, Sievert H, Mocetti M, Lefèvre T, Maisano F, Mangieri A, Hildick-Smith D, Kornowski R, Makkar R, Bleiziffer S, Søndergaard L, De Backer O. Safety and efficacy of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in the treatment of pure aortic regurgitation in native valves and failing surgical bioprostheses: results from an International Registry Study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017;10:1048-56.
45. Brown JM, O'Brien SM, Wu C, Sikora JA, Griffith BP, Gammie JS. Isolated aortic valve replacement in North America comprising 108,687 patients in 10 years: changes in risks, valve types, and outcomes in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Database. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009;137:82-90.
46. Ussia GP, Barbanti M, Petronio AS, Tarantini G, Ettori F, Colombo A, Violini R, Ramondo A, Santoro G, Klugmann S, Bedogni F, Maisano F, Marzocchi A, Poli A, De Carlo M, Napodano M, Fiorina C, De Marco F, Antoniucci D, de Cillis E, Capodanno D, Tamburino C. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: 3-year outcomes of selfexpanding CoreValve prosthesis. Eur Heart J 2012;33:969-76.
47. Rode ́s-Cabau J, Dumont E, Doyle D, Lemieux J. Transcatheter valve- in-valve implantation for the treatment of stentless aortic valve dysfunction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;140:246-8.
48. Eggebrecht H, Scha ̈fer U, Treede H, Boekstegers P, Babin-Ebell J, Ferrari M, Mo ̈llmann H, Baumgartner H, Carrel T, Kahlert P, Lange P, Walther T, Erbel R, Mehta RH, Thielmann M. Valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation for degenerated bioprosthetic heart valves. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2011;4:1218-27.
49. David TE, Ivanov J, Armstrong S, Feindel CM, Cohen G. Late results of heart valve replacement with the Hancock II bioprosthesis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001;121:268-77.
50. Maganti M, Rao V, Armstrong S, Feindel CM, Scully HE, David TE. Redo valvular surgery in elderly patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2009;87:521-5.
51. Dvir D, Webb J, Brecker S, Bleiziffer S, Hildick-Smith D, Colombo A, Descoutures F, Hengstenberg C, Moat NE, Bekeredjian R, Napodano M, Testa L, Lefevre T, Guetta V, Nissen H, Hernández JM, Roy D, Teles RC, Segev A, Dumonteil N, Fiorina C, Gotzmann M, Tchetche D, Abdel-Wahab M, De Marco F, Baumbach A, Laborde JC, Kornowski R. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement for degenerative bioprosthetic surgical valves: results from the global valve-in-valve registry. Circulation 2012;126:2335-44.
52. Seiffert M, Conradi L, Baldus S, Knap M, Schirmer J, Franzen O, Koschyk D, Meinertz T, Reichenspurner H, Treede H. Impact of patient- prosthesis mismatch after transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve implantation in degenerated bioprostheses. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011;143:617-24.
