fig1

Figure 1. Effect of a single bout of social defeat (SSD) on IL-1β, CCL2, and CXCL10 protein expression in the brain and liver. C57BL/6J mice (n = 7-9 per group) were subjected to social defeat (exposure to a same-sex CD-1 aggressor mouse) for 2 h; immediately thereafter, subject mice were euthanized and tissues were collected and homogenized. Cytokine/chemokine protein expression was measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by pair-wise comparisons and represent mean ± S.E.M.; ^#main effect of sex, P < 0.01; ^@main effect of treatment, P < 0.05; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ****P < 0.0001