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Figure 2. Microglial responses in fnflammation and neurogenesis. A: Microglia activate in response to damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released by injured neurons post-seizure. Upon activation, microglial adopt one of two phenotypes: M1-like, which presents a pro-inflammatory profile that consists of decreased expression of neurotrophic factors and increased levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines and reactive oxygen species, or M2-like, which is an anti-inflammatory response that includes the resolution of the inflammatory profile, neurogenesis and the clearance of debris; B: during neurogenesis in the hippocampus, unchallenged microglia clear cellular debris and control the number of newborn neuronal cells through phagocytosis. Post-seizure, the increased numbers of newborn cells may be cleared by microglia to reduce the potential for ectopic connections that contribute to pro-epileptic activity. Image created with Biorender.com