REFERENCES
1. Lee do Y, Choi BK, Lee DG, Kim YH, Kim CH, Lee SJ, Kwon BS. 4-1BB signaling activates the t cell factor 1 effector/ß-catenin pathway with delayed kinetics via ERK signaling and delayed PI3K/AKT activation to promote the proliferation of CD8 T Cells. PLoS One 2013;8:e69677.
2. Ju SA, Lee SC, Kwon TH, Heo SK, Park SM, Paek HN, Suh JH, Cho HR, Kwon B, Kwon BS, Kim BS. Immunity to melanoma mediated by 4-1BB is associated with enhanced activity of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. Immunol Cell Biol 2005;83:344-51.
3. Li B, Lin J, Vanroey M, Jure-Kunkel M, Jooss K. Established B16 tumors are rejected following treatment with GM-CSF-secreting tumor cell immunotherapy in combination with anti-4-1BB mAb. Clin Immunol 2007;125:76-87.
4. Chacon JA, Wu RC, Sukhumalchandra P, Molldrem JJ, Sarnaik A, Pilon-Thomas S, Weber J, Hwu P, Radvanyi L. Co-stimulation through 4-1BB/CD137 improves the expansion and function of CD8(+) melanoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for adoptive T-cell therapy. PLoS One 2013;8:e60031.
5. Li SY, Liu Y. Immunotherapy of melanoma with the immune costimulatory monoclonal antibodies targeting CD137. Clin Pharmacol 2013;5:47-53.
7. Daniel-Meshulam I, Horovitz-Fried M, Cohen CJ. Enhanced antitumor activity mediated by human 4-1BB-engineered T cells. Int J Cancer 2013;133:2903-13.
8. Schadendorf D, Algarra SM, Bastholt L, Cinat G, Dreno B, Eggermont AM, Espinosa E, Guo J, Hauschild A, Petrella T, Schachter J, Hersey P. Immunotherapy of distant metastatic disease. Ann Oncol 2009;20 Suppl 6:vi41-50.
9. Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Yu C, Sloan AE, Vengoechea J, Wang M, Dignam JJ, Vogelbaum MA, Sperduto PW, Mehta MP, Machtay M, Kattan MW. A nomogram for individualized estimation of survival among patients with brain metastasis. Neuro Oncol 2012;14:910-8.
10. Galicich JH, Sundaresan N, Thaler HT. Surgical treatment of single brain metastasis. Evaluation of results by computerized tomography scanning. J Neurosurg 1980;53:63-7.
11. Noji S, Hosoi A, Takeda K, Matsushita H, Morishita Y, Seto Y, Kakimi K. Targeting spatiotemporal expression of CD137 on tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes as a novel strategy for agonistic antibody therapy. J Immunother 2012;35:460-72.
12. Blank AE, Baumgarten P, Zeiner P, Zachskorn C, Löffler C, Schittenhelm J, Czupalla CJ, Capper D, Plate KH, Harter PN, Mittelbronn M. Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 (TNFRSF9) is up-regulated in reactive astrocytes in human gliomas. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2014;Epub ahead of print.
13. Yun CH, Lee HM, Lee SC, Kim BS, Park JW, Lee BJ. Involvement of CD137 ligand signaling in neural stem cell death. Mol Cells 2013;36:245-51.
14. Harter PN, Bunz B, Dietz K, Hoffmann K, Meyermann R, Mittelbronn M. Spatio-temporal deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and netrin-1 expression in human foetal brain development. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2010;36:623-35.
15. Harter PN, Zinke J, Scholz A, Tichy J, Zachskorn C, Kvasnicka HM, Goeppert B, Delloye-Bourgeois C, Hattingen E, Senft C, Steinbach JP, Plate KH, Mehlen P, Schulte D, Mittelbronn M. Netrin-1 expression is an independent prognostic factor for poor patient survival in brain metastases. PLoS One 2014;9:e92311.
16. Hernandez-Chacon JA, Li Y, Wu RC, Bernatchez C, Wang Y, Weber JS, Hwu P, Radvanyi LG. Costimulation through the CD137/4-1BB pathway protects human melanoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from activation-induced cell death and enhances antitumor effector function. J Immunother 2011;34:236-50.
17. Fourcade J, Zarour HM. Strategies to reverse melanoma-induced T-cell dysfunction. Clin Dermatol 2013;31:251-6.
18. Broll K, Richter G, Pauly S, Hofstaedter F, Schwarz H. CD137 expression in tumor vessel walls. High correlation with malignant tumors. Am J Clin Pathol 2001;115:543-9.
19. Olofsson PS, Söderström LA, Wågsäter D, Sheikine Y, Ocaya P, Lang F, Lang F, Rabu C, Chen L, Rudling M, Aukrust P, Hedin U, Paulsson-Berne G, Sirsjo A, Hansson GK. CD137 is expressed in human atherosclerosis and promotes development of plaque inflammation in hypercholesterolemic mice. Circulation 2008;117:1292-301.
20. Teijeira á, Palazón A, Garasa S, Marré D, Aubá C, Rogel A, Murillo O, Martinez-Forero I, Lang F, Melero I, Rouzaut A. CD137 on inflamed lymphatic endothelial cells enhances CCL21-guided migration of dendritic cells. FASEB J 2012;26:3380-92.
21. Palazón A, Martínez-Forero I, Teijeira A, Morales-Kastresana A, Alfaro C, Sanmamed MF, Perez-Gracia JL, Penuelas I, Hervas-Stubbs S, Rouzaut A, de Landazuri MO, Jure-Kunkel M, Aragones J, Melero I. The HIF-1a hypoxia response in tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes induces functional CD137 (4-1BB) for immunotherapy. Cancer Discov 2012;2:608-23.
22. Bellarosa D, Bressan A, Bigioni M, Parlani M, Maggi CA, Binaschi M. SAHA/Vorinostat induces the expression of the CD137 receptor/ligand system and enhances apoptosis mediated by soluble CD137 receptor in a human breast cancer cell line. Int J Oncol 2012;41:1486-94.
23. Gullo C, Koh LK, Pang WL, Ho KT, Tan SH, Schwarz H. Inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell lines by CD137 ligand signaling. PLoS One 2010;5:e10845.
24. Nagila A, Netsawang J, Suttitheptumrong A, Morchang A, Khunchai S, Srisawat C, Puttikhunt C, Noisakran S, Yenchitsomanus PT, Limjindaporn T. Inhibition of p38MAPK and CD137 signaling reduce dengue virus-induced TNF-a secretion and apoptosis. Virol J 2013;10:105.
25. Ascierto PA, Simeone E, Sznol M, Fu YX, Melero I. Clinical experiences with anti-CD137 and anti-PD1 therapeutic antibodies. Semin Oncol 2010;37:508-16.
26. Kim JO, Kim HW, Baek KM, Kang CY. NF-kappaB and AP-1 regulate activation-dependent CD137 (4-1BB) expression in T cells. FEBS Lett 2003;541:163-70.
