Topic: 3D/4D Bioprinting: Innovation, Challenges, and Applications

As an advanced manufacturing method, 3D/4D bioprinting is advancing biomedical engineering, tissue engineering, and personalized medicine. By precisely layering cells, biomaterials, and bioactive factors, 3D bioprinting offers unprecedented opportunities for customizing complex tissues and organs. Additionally, 4D bioprinting introduces the dimension of time, enabling the fabrication of smart structures with adaptive and dynamic response capabilities, thus opening up diverse applications in regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and soft robotics. However, despite its promising potential, 3D/4D bioprinting still faces numerous challenges, such as limitations in material selection, the need for higher printing precision, ensuring cell viability, fabricating multicellular and hierarchical structures, and maintaining long-term structural stability. This Special Issue aims to showcase leading global research, highlighting innovative applications and challenges of 3D/4D bioprinting in personalized medicine while exploring future directions for its development.

3D/4D bioprinting, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, adaptive materials, personalized medicine

15 Jul 2025